Reverse Hugo, with a Twist

In Victor Hugo’s great novel Les Miserables, Jean Valjean is sentenced to five years on the prison galleys for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his family. It is an outrageous…

Humpty Dumpty, Go to Your Room

Orwell’s Animal Farm is not a critique of capitalism. Thoreau’s Walden is not a fraudulent anti-market, pro-Green hack job. Literary works are open to interpretation.  But not all interpretations are right. Not all interpretations are…